Eye Controlled Media: Present and Future State

This paper is written in spring 1995 by Theo Engell-Nielsen and Arne John Glenstrup as a final thesis of our minor subject: Information Psychology (HCI). The paper is available in electronic form as a hypertext document, a PDF document, and a gzipped PostScript File.

Abstract

Today, the human eye-gaze can be recorded by relatively unobtrusive techniques. This thesis argues that it is possible to use the eye-gaze of a computer user in the interface to aid the control of the application. Care must be taken, though, that eye-gaze tracking data is used in a sensible way, since the nature of human eye-movements is a combination of several voluntary and involuntary cognitive processes.

The main reason for eye-gaze based user interfaces being attractive is that the direction of the eye-gaze can express the interests of the user-it is a potential porthole into the current cognitive processes-and communication through the direction of the eyes is faster than any other mode of human communication. It is argued that eye-gaze tracking data is best used in multimodal interfaces where the user interacts with the data instead of the interface, in so-called non-command user interfaces. Furthermore, five usability criteria for eye-gaze media are given.

This thesis also suggests research into a new, interactive film medium: interest and emotion sensitive media (IES). IES exploits the viewer's eye-gaze and other affection measures to determine how script paths of an IES film are traversed. IES will be very difficult to implement today, as research is needed to investigate temporal problems in script construction, how multiple persons can use IES, how activation areas are constructed and how the producer of an IES film is best assisted in writing the script.

This thesis also contains reviews of current technical possibilities, psychological aspects of eye-gaze tracking and current eye-gaze based systems.

Arne John Glenstrup <panic@diku.dk>
Last updated July 11, 2006